Legacy systems are no longer just a burden - they’ve become a strategic threat to agility, efficiency and trust in public-sector operations. This article by Arun Manoharan, Global Head of Strategy Enablement at UBDS Digital, argues that true transformation doesn’t happen through grand AI launches or one-off migration projects, but through lifecycles of incremental change: secure foundations built first, then workflows rewired one at a time.The piece explains how achieving a future of “agentic” digital services - where autonomous systems assist civil servants in planning, executing and learning - requires a phased, outcome-driven strategy. Organisations must map legacy dependencies, prioritise high-impact low-risk processes, design human-AI collaboration, and embed learning feedback loops in every release.This pragmatic approach reframes modernisation from a project to a discipline, and from legacy avoidance to future enablement. It underscores how a civil service transformed workflow by workflow can become more efficient, adaptive, and human-centred.